Defective Design

• Safety flaw originates already in the planning or design phase

Production Defect

• Isolated error in the manufacture of an otherwise faultless product

• Cause: material defect, machine malfunction, or inadequate quality control

Instruction Defect

• Missing, unclear, or incorrect user instructions or warnings

• Leads to dangerous use by the consumer

Consideration of Advertising Statements

• Misleading advertising, packaging, or product presentation

• Creates false expectations of safety

Failure to Consider Foreseeable Misuse

• Typical or foreseeable user errors must be taken into account

• No defect in cases of completely unforeseeable (absurd) misuse